Effects of Civil War on Women

There are a few changes that the Civil War brought to non military personnel society and a portion of these are the accompanying: First of all, the United States of America have been united back, which likewise implies that the States from the Southern parts were not offered the authorization to reprieve away or get free (Effects.. , 2006). Second, the Southern territories were â€Å"placed under military principle and isolated into military districts† (Effects.., 2006). This likewise made these zones â€Å"apply for readmission to the Union† (Effects.. , 2006). Third, the national or Federal government has substantiated itself to the regular citizens that its capacity may not under any condition be outperformed by the States (Effects.. , 2006). Fourth, the Civil War brought about the freedom of slaves (Effects.. , 2006). Fifth, the Civil War set up plans for the country’s â€Å"Reconstruction† (Effects.. , 2006).The â€Å"Reconstruction† was the go vernment’s plan to manage the accompanying direct impacts of the common war: 1) the opportunity of slaves brought about issues concerning lodging, dress, food, and work; 2) the monetary ruin prompted having no cash, shut banks, low flexibly of wares, decimation of railways and extensions, and demolition of estate and harvests; and 3) the destruction of the alliance prompted the South’s not having any administration (Effects.. , 2006). To wrap things up, industrialism was set up in light of the fact that during the war, creation expanded, just as, a few new advancements were included (Effects.., 2006).The previously mentioned became conceivable on account of the accompanying: 1) the opportunity of slaves; 2) the monetary ruin in the South; and c) the thrashing of the alliance (Effects.. , 2006). Impacts of Civil War on Women During the Civil War, ladies were allowed the chance to accept jobs that individuals accepted no one but men can do, for example, â€Å"as medical caretakers, government representatives, assembly line laborers, family ranchers, assembly line laborers, some even masked as a man to serve in the military assistance, and so forth † (Encarta, 2007). This was the start of the triumph of sex equity since this maintained the sexual orientation jobs (Encarta, 2007).

Morality in J.B. Priestleys An Inspector Calls Essay -- J. B. Priestl

'An Inspector Calls' Essay In Act One of 'An Inspector Calls' the manner by which does J.B. Priestley utilize sensational gadgets to pass on his interests and thoughts to the individuals from the crowd, just as intrigue and include them in his play? 'An Inspector Calls' is a profound quality play - a type of play created in the late medieval times wherein a Christian good exercise was brought out through the battle between the powers of good and malice - set in 1912, and spins around the scrutinizing of a family by Inspector Goole about the self destruction of a young lady (Eva Smith) that the family knew.The creator, J.B. Priestley is attempting to give us what a few people's haughtiness and self-centeredness can cause without them in any event, taking note. Priestley was a communist, subsequently by composing this play he was causing to notice the terrible things about private enterprise. The Inspector was meaning to show the Birlings that ?...we need to share something. On the off chance that there?s nothing else, we?ll need to share our blame? Act One. By saying this, he is revealing to them they are all as liable as one another of the self destruction of Eva Smith, this likewise connections to Priestley being a communist si nce he is embarrassing the Birlings. The doorbell ringing seems to isolate the two states of mind (when the Inspector shows up). Priestley has utilized emotional incongruity by making the doorbell ring to intrude on Birling?s discourse, similarly as he is looking at taking care of ?...yourself and your own? Act One, by saying this before the doorbell rings, Birling is as of now delving himself into an opening before he even knows it. It is unexpected in light of the fact that the Inspector is here to show him his obligations regarding others, when he is stating you should just take care of your self and your family. As the Inspector enters the ch... ...y liable and thoughtful for what she has done, while Mr and Mrs Birling couldn?t care less and stay unsympathetic all through. The manner in which Mr and Mrs Birling don?t care makes the play fascinating for the crowd, as they are hanging tight for them to break, the Inspector additionally keeps up the crowds focus by the manner in which he gradually disentangles the story and the manner in which he questions individuals in the request that they met the young lady. I think the dramatist would like to instruct individuals that cash isn?t everything and that individuals who are self-important and childish will get their comeuppances in the end. The lesson of the play despite everything, applies to today?s society since it makes us consider the things we do that include overlooking individuals less lucky than us when we understand that there are Eva Smiths surrounding us simply hanging tight for an opportunity to endure the merciless world we live in.

The Role of National Organization for Women

The Role of National Organization for Women NOW is the abbreviation that stands for the National Organization for Women. The national organization definition was created in 1966 by a group of women that were against discrimination. There are about 500,00 active members in the USA and this is the biggest organization in the country. The purpose of founding this organization was to achieve the equality for all the women. Equal partnership with men is the goal that the organization has been going to since the date of its foundation. Thanks to the active steps of this organization, more and more women have the right to build up a career in any field, run business, defeat any kind of physical abuse and much more. More and more women become delighted by hard work of all the participants of NOW and its contributors. They start a new life that has no boundaries for the only reason of being a female. The contribution to the psychological state of women in the US is valuable. NOW history and recollections A group of 28 women went to the National Conference of the Commission of Women in 1966. New womens rights organizations were founded there. The fact of discrimination in all fields of life was proved. That was the turning point in the history of the whole population of the US. That day became the official manifestation of the beginning of a new era in the relationships between people in all spheres of life. The national organization list of actions included: Opportunities for education; Opportunities for a political career; Opportunity to be respected in any sphere. That was just the beginning. The influence of the organization was growing every year. They have organized dozens of public meeting with women to motivate them and prove that their lives can become much better. The biggest march in the 90s gathered over 100,000 people. 2004 shocked all the globe by a fantastic march that gathered 1.15 million people that came there with only one goal to advocate for the reproductive health options of women. The role of NOW health A National Organization of Women has a fantastic influence on the role of woman in a modern society. The major priorities of the organization follow the needs and the rights of all the women no matter where they live and work. Women feel supported and they know that they have the right to live the life they are dreaming about without any fear to be judged by men or anyone else. Some decades ago, we heard a lot about violence regarding women and it was treated as a norm. It’s hard to believe that a loving husband could hurt a helpless woman during many years of living in one apartment. And now any woman can stand up and get help and support if needed. No abuse is ever allowed. Thanks to Gloria Steinem definition, women know that they deserve to be respected by the society no matter what. 1967 was the year when the abortion was named as legal. It was another turning point when women stopped being afraid for their lives and the lives of their children. Every woman received the right to go to the clinic or hospital and get the services that she wants without being blamed for anything. There was a Project Stand Up for Women that was created by the NOW that was using a strategy to defend the rights of women in this case. National Organization for Womens definition There are a lot of women that are not employed and there was a much bigger number of such women fifty or seventy years ago. The attitude to them was different in the past. A woman that took care of a baby wasn’t concerned as a working woman. You could probably hear the phrase that every mother is a working mother. It became popular thanks to the hard work of NOW. Nowadays, every mother that takes care of kids is considered to be working at home. It seems obvious now that a woman is working hard to take care of everything if she’s a housewife. She deserves respect from the society as she plays a great role in her family. It was very hard for the feminist majority foundation to make men believe that their wives deserve love and care as well as respect and equal right in any sphere of life. Those days are left for national organization for women apush exam and we can say thank you to NOW for doing a great job. A woman’s appearance One of one more great results of the work of NOW is establishing a Women’s Health Project that had an aim to teach women to love their bodies and soles. Love Your Body Day was first launched in 1998 where all the women were agitated to stop suffering and start living themselves. The human’s appearance shouldn’t influence life and career anyhow. This day has been very special for all the women since that year. This day is a manifestation of the right of women to look like they want and not like someone wants them to look like. Girls of middle school, high school, and other women received much help and support on this day that helped them to get much more self-confidence and self-respect. There’s no need to look like a top model and suffer from being different. It’s hard to imagine how women suffered from weird comparisons some decades ago. hat is a National Organization for Women? National Organization for Women was created by a group of 28 women that wanted to change the world and they did it successfully. We cannot undervalue the role of this organization when if we look around and see that women can be not only house wives but also managers and founders of large corporations. The information about the national organization for women should be spread around the globe to let all women choose their way in life.

The Role of National Organization for Women

The Role of National Organization for Women NOW is the abbreviation that stands for the National Organization for Women. The national organization definition was created in 1966 by a group of women that were against discrimination. There are about 500,00 active members in the USA and this is the biggest organization in the country. The purpose of founding this organization was to achieve the equality for all the women. Equal partnership with men is the goal that the organization has been going to since the date of its foundation. Thanks to the active steps of this organization, more and more women have the right to build up a career in any field, run business, defeat any kind of physical abuse and much more. More and more women become delighted by hard work of all the participants of NOW and its contributors. They start a new life that has no boundaries for the only reason of being a female. The contribution to the psychological state of women in the US is valuable. NOW history and recollections A group of 28 women went to the National Conference of the Commission of Women in 1966. New womens rights organizations were founded there. The fact of discrimination in all fields of life was proved. That was the turning point in the history of the whole population of the US. That day became the official manifestation of the beginning of a new era in the relationships between people in all spheres of life. The national organization list of actions included: Opportunities for education; Opportunities for a political career; Opportunity to be respected in any sphere. That was just the beginning. The influence of the organization was growing every year. They have organized dozens of public meeting with women to motivate them and prove that their lives can become much better. The biggest march in the 90s gathered over 100,000 people. 2004 shocked all the globe by a fantastic march that gathered 1.15 million people that came there with only one goal to advocate for the reproductive health options of women. The role of NOW health A National Organization of Women has a fantastic influence on the role of woman in a modern society. The major priorities of the organization follow the needs and the rights of all the women no matter where they live and work. Women feel supported and they know that they have the right to live the life they are dreaming about without any fear to be judged by men or anyone else. Some decades ago, we heard a lot about violence regarding women and it was treated as a norm. It’s hard to believe that a loving husband could hurt a helpless woman during many years of living in one apartment. And now any woman can stand up and get help and support if needed. No abuse is ever allowed. Thanks to Gloria Steinem definition, women know that they deserve to be respected by the society no matter what. 1967 was the year when the abortion was named as legal. It was another turning point when women stopped being afraid for their lives and the lives of their children. Every woman received the right to go to the clinic or hospital and get the services that she wants without being blamed for anything. There was a Project Stand Up for Women that was created by the NOW that was using a strategy to defend the rights of women in this case. National Organization for Womens definition There are a lot of women that are not employed and there was a much bigger number of such women fifty or seventy years ago. The attitude to them was different in the past. A woman that took care of a baby wasn’t concerned as a working woman. You could probably hear the phrase that every mother is a working mother. It became popular thanks to the hard work of NOW. Nowadays, every mother that takes care of kids is considered to be working at home. It seems obvious now that a woman is working hard to take care of everything if she’s a housewife. She deserves respect from the society as she plays a great role in her family. It was very hard for the feminist majority foundation to make men believe that their wives deserve love and care as well as respect and equal right in any sphere of life. Those days are left for national organization for women apush exam and we can say thank you to NOW for doing a great job. A woman’s appearance One of one more great results of the work of NOW is establishing a Women’s Health Project that had an aim to teach women to love their bodies and soles. Love Your Body Day was first launched in 1998 where all the women were agitated to stop suffering and start living themselves. The human’s appearance shouldn’t influence life and career anyhow. This day has been very special for all the women since that year. This day is a manifestation of the right of women to look like they want and not like someone wants them to look like. Girls of middle school, high school, and other women received much help and support on this day that helped them to get much more self-confidence and self-respect. There’s no need to look like a top model and suffer from being different. It’s hard to imagine how women suffered from weird comparisons some decades ago. hat is a National Organization for Women? National Organization for Women was created by a group of 28 women that wanted to change the world and they did it successfully. We cannot undervalue the role of this organization when if we look around and see that women can be not only house wives but also managers and founders of large corporations. The information about the national organization for women should be spread around the globe to let all women choose their way in life.

The Iron Heel Study Guide

The Iron Heel  is an early dystopian novel published in 1908 by Jack London. London is best known for his man-against-nature novels like  The Call of the Wild  and  White Fang, so  The Iron Heel  is often  considered a departure from his usual output.   The Iron Heel  is written from the first-person perspective of a female protagonist, and  it includes a  presentation of London’s socialist political ideals, both of which were unusual for its time. The book addresses Londons belief that unionized labor and socialist political movements would rise to challenge the traditional capitalist power base. Later writers such as George Orwell often explicitly mention The Iron Heel as an influence on their own works. Plot The novel begins with a foreword written by Anthony Meredith in the 419 BOM (Brotherhood of Man), approximately the 27th century. Meredith discusses the Everhard Manuscript as a historical document, composed by Avis Everhard and describing the events of 1912 through 1932. Meredith warns that the manuscript is riddled with errors of fact, but insists on its value as a firsthand account of those â€Å"terrible times.† Meredith notes that the manuscript, written by Avis Everhard, cannot be considered objective because she is writing about her own husband and was herself too close to the events to have objectivity. In the Everhard Manuscript proper, Avis describes meeting her future husband, socialist activist Ernest Everhard. She finds him poorly groomed, self-righteous, and irritating. Ernest argues that the American system of economics is based on the abuse and poor treatment (in other words, the exploitation) of labor, and that the ordinary workers who keep everything going suffer terribly. Avis initially does not agree, but later she conducts her own investigation of Ernest’s claims and is shocked to discover she   concurs with his assessment. As Avis becomes close to Ernest, her father and a family friend (Dr. John Cunningham and Bishop Moorehouse) also begin to agree with his ideas. All four key characters begin to work for the socialist causes. As a result, the oligarchs who own and run the country under the guise of capitalism and democracy move to ruin them all. Dr. Cunningham loses his teaching job and his home. Bishop Moorehouse is found to be clinically insane and is committed to an asylum. Ernest wins election as a Representative in Congress, but is framed as a conspirator in a terrorist plot and is sent to prison, along with Avis. Avis is released some months later, followed by Ernest. The two flee into hiding and begin plotting a revolution. Before action can be taken, the government and oligarchs—which Ernest collectively calls The Iron Heel—form a private army, legitimized by the weak government. This private army sets in motion a false-flag riot in Chicago. The private army, called the Mercenaries, violently crushes the riot, killing many and using brutal tactics. Bishop Moorehouse, escaped from captivity, is killed in the riot. At the end of the novel, Avis writes optimistically about the plans for a second uprising that Ernest is certain will succeed. However, as the reader knows from Meredith’s forward, this second uprising will fail, and The Iron Heel will rule the country for centuries until the final revolution that forms the Brotherhood of Man. The manuscript ends suddenly, and Meredith explains that Avis Everhard hid the book because she knew she was about to be arrested. Major Characters Anthony Meredith. A historian from the far future, reading and making notes on the so-called Everhard Manuscript. He is condescending and chauvinistic towards Avis and often corrects her; however, his remarks reveal his limited understanding of the early 20th  century era that he studies. The reader  gets to know Meredith mainly through his marginalia, which adds detail and context to the novel. Avis Everhard. Born  into wealth, Avis is initially dismissive of the plight of the working class. Over the course of her manuscript, however, she begins to see her younger self as naive and childish, and she becomes a fierce proponent of revolution. There is evidence that Avis is not entirely reliable and that her core attitudes have not entirely changed; she often uses disrespectful language to describe the working classes even as she is speaking the language of revolution. Ernest Everhard. A passionate believer in socialism, Ernest is shown to be intelligent, physically powerful, and a courageous public speaker. Meredith implies that Ernest Everhard was merely one of many key people in the early days of the revolution, suggesting that Avis may  be romanticizing Ernest throughout her manuscript. Most critics believe Ernest represents London himself and his core beliefs. Dr. John Cunningham. Avis’ father, a celebrated academic and scientist. He is initially a supporter of the status quo, but slowly becomes convinced of  Ernest’s cause. He loses his status in society as a result and later disappears; Avis suspects he is kidnapped by the government. Bishop Moorehouse. A minister who undergoes a similar change in views  as Dr. Cunningham, eventually giving his life in the effort to resist the oligarchy. Literary Style The Iron Heel is a work of dystopian fiction. Dystopian fiction  presents a universe that is at odds with the author’s beliefs and attitudes; in this case, the dystopian aspect comes from a world run by capitalist oligarchs who exploit the working class, abuse the poor, and ruthlessly destroy critics. The novel is also considered a work of soft science fiction, because although it makes no mention of advanced technology, it is centered around a setting 700 years ahead of the date of its composition. London used a series of nested points-of-view in the novel, each with a different degree of  reliability. On the surface is the frame story of Dr. Meredith, who writes from the future and examines a work of historical importance. He presents himself as a trusted authority, but some of his commentary includes factual errors about 20th century history that would be obvious to the reader, which undermines his reliability. The next point of view is that of Avis Everhard, the narrator of the manuscript that makes up the bulk of the text of the novel. Her reliability comes into question when she implies that her statements about her husband are subjective, as well as when she makes seemingly contemptuous comments about the political cause she professes to support. Finally, the perspective of Ernest Everhard is provided when his speeches are included in the text. These speeches seem reliable due to their word-for-word nature, but Avis unreliability makes the reader less certain.   London also employs a technique known as a false document: a  fictional work that is presented to the reader as a factual one. This conceit allows London to add complexity to a novel that might otherwise be a straightforward political tract.  The Iron Heel  contains two intertwined, multilayered false documents  (Avis’ manuscript and Meredith’s gloss on that manuscript). This combination a complex mystery concerning whose perspective is closest to the truth. Jack London was charged several times over the course of his career with plagiarism. Chapter 7 of The Iron Heel, The Bishop’s Vision, is an essay written by Frank Harris. London did not deny that he  copied the speech verbatim, but he claimed that he believed it was a speech delivered by an actual bishop. Key Quotes â€Å"It is far easier to see brave men die than to hear a coward beg for life.† —Avis Everhardâ€Å"No man can be intellectually insulted. Insult, in its very nature, is emotional.† —Ernest Everhardâ€Å"Times have changed since Christs day. A rich man to-day who gives all he has to the poor is crazy. There is no discussion. Society has spoken.† —Ernest Everhard Iron Heel Fast Facts Title: Iron HeelAuthor: Jack LondonDate Published: 1908Publisher: MacmillanLiterary Genre: Dystopian Science FictionLanguage: EnglishThemes: Socialism and social revolution.Characters: Anthony Meredith, Avis Everhard, Ernest Everhard, John Cunningham, Bishop Moorehouse.

Analysis Of Chimamanda Ngozi s We Should All Be...

Wellesley’s 2015 graduating class marks 137th commencement address, and in doing so, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie gives a passionate speech to the â€Å"sisters† of Wellesley College. Adichie rests as a prominent figure in modern feminist culture. Adichie was the recipient of the MacArthur Genius Grant and has written multiple best seller books focusing on life in Nigeria and gender equality. Adichie’s mother, Grace Ifeoma, was the first female registrar at the University of Nigeria and her father, James Nwoye Adichie, was a professor of statistics at the same university (Daria). About three weeks before Adichie’s commencement speech, her father was abducted and held for ransom in Nigeria (Adichie). Though her father was free at the time of this speech, this horrific and traumatizing event in Adichie’s life, caused her to reevaluate what matters most in her life. For Adichie, feminism is rooted in her heart as a core value. Less than a year before this speech, Adichie released a short book titled, â€Å"We Should All Be Feminists†. Not only was this novel published, but Adichie also read it aloud at a â€Å"Ted Talk†. Adichie strives to bring awareness to feminism, and encourages both men and women to partake in this movement. Driven by her passionate belief in feminism, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie formulates her speech to inspire women to be themselves, to advocate for what they truly value, and to invite everyone to become feminists. Adichie begins her speech in an attempt to make theShow MoreRelatedGender Socialization Is The Process Of Learning The Social1326 Words   |  6 PagesGender socialization is the process of learning the social prospects and behaviors connected with one s sex. According to gender socialization there are so many reasons why males and females act in different ways: they learn different social roles. For example, girls learn to do different household chores such as: how to cook, how to clean, how to do sweep, how to take care of family etc and boys learn to work outside, how to earn money, how to rule the world etc. The effect of family, school, mediaRead MoreWhat s Africana Womanism From Other Ideologies Or Schools Of Thought?1798 Words   |  8 Pagesgroups, many of which later transformed into feminist groups, and Black women. Nevertheless, many Black women choose to identify as a â€Å"Black Feminist† or â€Å"African Feminist† in an attempt to forge a pro-women and p ro-Black space. Black Feminism sought to address the same intersectional issues (including misogynoir) facing Black women as Africana Womanism with a different approach. The Black Feminist school of thought is characterized by â€Å"an intersectional analysis: gender, sexuality, race, and class.† [BLACK

All About Southern Methodist University Admissions Essay Topics

All About Southern Methodist University Admissions Essay Topics By doing so you will have the ability to learn about what exactly is happening during the job. Simply take a glass of water on you, so you might drink something to calm down. Therefore, if you're set on being part of Baylor's vibrant community, continue reading for tips about how to craft a thriving application. Quite simply, simply because you become into a need-blind college doesn't mean you are ensured a completely free ride. The idea behind need-blind admissions is it focuses on merit instead of financial status. Each applicant to Baylor is assigned an admission counselor who will steer you through the procedure, and you ought to feel free to get in touch with your counselor whenever you have a question. As a consequence, need-blind policies tend make the admissions process a bit more competitive. Please be aware that financial aid isn't guaranteed and is only readily available for qualifying students. Th e Secret to Southern Methodist University Admissions Essay Topics Unofficial transcripts may be used to finish an on-line application for review, but before it's possible to start the application, you will have to have official transcripts sent to the Baylor admissions team. So be mindful that you might need to pay some of your tuition out of pocket even when you are accepted into a need-blind university. If you locate your scores are lower than the typical freshman, consider retaking the exam to improve your score or reviewing colleges trying to find scores matching your own. Whenever you have the last score that you're content with, after that you can send only that score to all of your schools. These exact folks frequently have also selected you for only a scholarship or otherwise extended independently professionally in order to advocate for you. To put it simply, need-blind colleges are schools where a student's capability to pay tuition costs isn't factored in the admissions decision. It was established in 2003 among the very first graduate programs for video game design in the States. Relocating to Dallas'' actually means, in the majority of cases, deciding to purchase or lease a house in one of the numerous suburbs inside or around the city. The absolute most intriguing essays will concentrate on small, personal moments that have shaped how you find the world. If you elect to tackle this specific question, make the most of the chance to demonstrate creative and critical thinking abilities. It is preferable to demonstrate that you're open-minded and have respect for those beliefs and ideas of others. You always need to look at life with a feeling of hope and optimism. According to experts, the key to true happiness or among the methods to happiness lies in creating a custom of hunting for the nice and positive in your life. A man of genius is a member of no period and no nation. Responses should be personal, but ensure your idea or belief isn't too controversial. Where to Find Southern Methodist University Admissions Essay Topics Still, overall the caliber of education is stellar. As the third biggest airport on earth when it comes to operations, it's more than adequate for the travel needs of North Texans. You have the very best business programs as well as the school is beautiful! Very similar to many different agencies, colleges deliver long institutional memories and a 2nd bad practical knowledge might take a lot of time to forget about. The Essentials of Southern Methodist University Admissions Essay Topics That You Can Learn From Beginning Immediately You have an extremely good possibility of raising your score, which will significantly boost your odds of getting in. Selecting a school may be a grueling and anxiety provoking process. At least 6 months before applying, you still need to doublecheck merely to make certain, and that means you have sufficient time to select the test. If you would like to get in, the very first matter to check at is the acceptance rate. Your goal within this brief essay is therefore to demonstrate you do indeed have aplan, not just wide ambition. Since you just have 50 words, don't have any choice except to continue to keep your answer short and sweet. To craft a productive reaction to this essay prompt, you will want to begin by doing some extensive research. GMAT scores aren't accepted.

Self Presentation free essay sample

When you meet someone for the first time, it comes to your mind a certain impression about him or her. On the other side, that person also takes a certain impression about you. This impression might be positive or negative. It depends on how you present yourself to others. Unfortunately, the first impression is sometimes unfair because the person you meet for the first time may take a wrong impression about you. For example, my friend told me that before we became close friends, she was thinking that I am arrogant, but when she became close to me, she discovered that she took a wrong impression about me. In fact, I am not sociable and I dont take the initiative in getting to know others. That is why those who do not know me well think i am arrogant, but that is not true about me. The first impression whether it is true or not may affect the way you treat people and how they treat you forever. For example, I fall In love with someone.When we first meet each other, he told me that he belongs to the royal family. Later, I discovered that he was lying to me. I know that he is from the upper class and he belongs to a prominent family, so there was no need to lie about his family name. Actually, because of this lie, I took an impression about him that he is not trustworthy, so we broke up. In most cases, the first impression lasts forever, so you should present yourself in a good image. To make others take a good impression about you, you must consider the following; First, be yourself.Dont tell anything that is not true about you. Show your real personality. Second, take care of your appearance. Your dress should be clean and appropriate to the customs of society in which you live. Moreover, be careful in your appointments. If you attend the meeting on time, you will get others aspect because it shows that you care about them. In addition, smile to your audience, keep eye contact when you speak and listen and Speak clearly to let your audience understand what you say.Furthermore, choose your words which express what you want to say correctly. In short, we all should present ourselves in the right way to let others take a good impression about us in order to make relationships last longer. Samara Said AH Hajji. Assignment 1. Social psychology_DO. BY chambermaids impression about him or her. On the other side, that person also takes a certain impression about you. This impression might be positive or negative. It depends on how you present yourself to others.Unfortunately, the first impression is sometimes unfair because the person you meet for the first time may take a wrong impression that she took a wrong impression about me. In fact, I am not sociable and I dont take the initiative in getting to know others. That is why those who do not know me well think I am arrogant, but that is not true about me. The first impression whether it is example, I fall in love with someone. When we first meet each other, he told me that the following; First, be yourself. Dont tell anything that is not true about you.

Functions of Human Resources Management

Human resources management is a very important function within an organisation that involves the management and recruitment of employees in an organisation. It also encompasses the provision of direction for employees. It is imperative that the human resources manager understands these functions to retain the organisations workers besides ensuring that they perform well. As organisations become global with regard to their operation, the management of people continues to become more complex.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Functions of Human Resources Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay looks at several functions of human resources management based on interviews conducted on two human resource managers from a motor vehicle service company and retailer market store. The main objective of this essay is to understand the leadership requirements in organisations by looking at the way the managers s pend their time in the handling of human resources. The first person interviewed was a line manager from both the Toyota Company. The second interviewee was a line distribution manager in a retail market store. The two managers have been employed in the companies for over one year now. Both of them are responsible for 15 and 22 employees respectively in their departments. The departments are involved in the production and distribution of commodities and services offered by the companies. To find out the importance of the human resource in the company, a questionnaire was prepared. The questions covered the importance of communication and human resources as a whole in the company. First of all, it was important to know what the two managers found to be most challenging about human resources management. The two managers agreed that the most challenging part in the department was maintaining proper communication among the employees. It was realised that most employees usually had diffi culties in interpreting orders issued from the top management. For this reason, many issues arose in the organisations. This situation was seen to lower the performance at both individual and organisational levels. At times, it brought about various problems associated with customer delivery. The interview also revealed that the human resource managers always tried other innovative ways of communicating to their employees. However, in this regard, managers have improvised new ways such as emailing, internal memos, and reminder notice boards to encourage the employees perform as per the organisation’s expectations. When asked to describe human resource in their companies, the two managers responded that technology was also one of the most challenging areas in communication. Some employees were not computer literate. This situation made it difficult for the human resources department to perform their work.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was also revealed that communication was the most vital part of the human resources management (Bennis and Thomas 134). In cases where there is a clear line of communication, managing employees became easier. In this regard, both companies had embraced new technologies as a way of improving communication. With this state of events in put in place, the managers were also asked what distinguishes a successful human resources department. First of all, there must be a clear link between the systems in the company. The company must also have a clear vision and mission statements that ensure that all efforts in the company drive towards a common goal. All aspects of the business should be set up besides giving the employees an orientation immediately after recruitment. Communication was also an important aspect of successful human resources management. The two managers agreed that a company must have a clear line of communication from the top to the bottom level of management. There should also be clear structures for employee motivation at all times. Workers should be rewarded for good work. Besides, methods of discipline should also be outlined. There should be room for promotion among other incentives that make employees feel appreciated (Kelly 94). This state of events means that successful managers are those who allow people to work individually while at the same time appreciating their contributions towards the success of the company. According to Kelly, a successful manager should enable employees to utilize and develop their skills (102). At the same time, the manager should observe the welfare of the employees to ensure low turnover rates. Communication channels were also mentioned as important areas for a successful manager. According to Bennis and Thomas, clear communication channels make the work of the human resources manager easier as employees adhere to similar regulations (134) . Media such as loud speakers, internal networks, and extension lines for calling should be put in place to facilitate communication amongst the employees. As leaders, the two managers agreed that employee motivation was an important aspect in human resources management. However, both parties held that operative enthusiasm varied from one human resource manager to the other. It is important that a human resources manager recognizes the effort of each employee with a view of rewarding them accordingly. Ways of motivating the employees included providing them with day offs, annual leaves, performance based incentives, scholarships, promotions, and salary increment among others. Lastly, the careers of the human resource managers depend on how well they treat the company’s personnel because their productivity depends on how they handle them. Works Cited Bennis, Warren and Robert Thomas. Leading for a Lifetime: How Defining Moments Shape Leaders of Today and Tomorrow. London: Harv ard Business Review Press, 2006. Print.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Functions of Human Resources Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kelly, Eamonn. Werful Times: Rising to the Challenge of Our Uncertain World. New York, NY: Wharton School Publishing, 2006. Print. This report on Functions of Human Resources Management was written and submitted by user Samara C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Different Roles of Political Parties †Government Essay

Different Roles of Political Parties – Government Essay Free Online Research Papers Different Roles of Political Parties Government Essay In the United States, there are three major groups and they are: political party, interest group and lobbyist, and the media. These three main groups are important and each of them plays a different role. Also they can give a positive or a negative impact on the American Political System and on the people in the United States. One of the main groups is political party. A major political party can be defined as a group of people who seek in control of government through winning the election, and holding a public office but the minor party is different. Their role is to play â€Å"spoiler role† in an election and this party can also be useful as critic and innovators. This political party has five major functions, which are nominating, informer-stimulator, the Seal of Approval, governmental, and watchdog. During its nominating function, the political party nominates or names a candidate to represent their party. In the informer-stimulator function, they inform the people and stimulate their interests and participation in public affairs. During the Seal of Approval function, political party grants a seal of approval to its candidates who are both qualified and have good character. In the governmental function, the party governs government in the United States and most of their business is conducted on a partisan basis. The last role that political party has is watchdog function. This function allows the party to act as watchdogs over the conduct of the public’s business. These functions can give negative and/or positive impacts. In the United States, there are two major political parties, the Democrats and the Republicans. Some of aspects of the party’s campaigns can enforce a negative impact on people. Some of the negative impacts are that political parties are election-oriented not issue-oriented so they ignore issues and they just want people our votes to win public office. Another negative impact is that their minds are separated; they are interested in different interests and different ideas. Also these parties divide people in the United States and if these parties divide the country, some parts of the country will try to separate. In addition to that, they use our money to campaign, to inform, and etc; and they borrow money if they want to overuse money. Interest groups are the main group in the United States. Interest groups are the private organizations whose members share certain views and work to shape the making and the content of public policy. Also they are known as pressure group or special interest. Interest groups try to influence the policies of the government and they do strike on the one thing they focus on. This group gives a lot of positive impacts to America. These groups don’t seek for votes; they are only interested in influencing the policies of government and they help to stimulate the interests in public affairs. Also they provide useful specialized and detailed information to the government. In addition to that these groups provide checks and balances on each other and the behavior of officials in the government. Interest groups are mostly found in economic interest and they use propaganda, which is a technique of persuasion aimed at influencing individual or group behavior. Sometimes the lobbyist helps t he interest groups by lobbying. Lobbying is usually defined as those activities by which a group pressures are brought to hear on legislators and the legislative process and this helps the interest groups to take their interests or the issue that they focus on to the government. These interest groups seek to institute certain governments and public policies to benefit all or most of the people in the country. Another group in the United States is the media. The Media is TV, radio, films, books, magazines and newspapers. They provide political information. The Media has the power to focus the public attention on a particular issue and help to shape the public agenda-what people talk about. The Media is big and huge. They make candidates less dependent on parties and have changed the way people campaign, placing the emphasis more on the matters of style than on substances. These groups can give both negative and positive impacts. They can help to reach to many people, but can give a bad effect to certain people. Also the media spreads news and teach things. Also it can affect people by looking at things that they show and having their own opinion and view. Also the bad things about the media are that you cannot rely on it because not every single media group has the same point of view, they have different views and they can describe an issue or problem however they want. In conclusion, these three groups, political party, interest groups and lobbyist, and the media, play an important role in the American Political System but can give both negative and positive impacts to the people. But these groups can teach people and spread news even though they have negative impacts. In addition, they shape this country as the government listens to the people in the in the United States. Research Papers on Different Roles of Political Parties - Government EssayQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2PETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeTwilight of the UAW19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Occupational Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Occupational Stress - Essay Example In economically advanced societies, work and occupation take on a central position in adult life. Occupation defines the most important criterion for social stratification in advanced societies. Occupational settings produce the most pervasive continuous demands during one's lifetime, and they absorb the largest amount of time in adult life (Albrecht et al 2003). Contemporary definitions of stress favour a transactional perspective; this emphasises that stress is located neither in the person, nor in the environment, but in the relationship between the two (Cooper et al, quoted in Clarke & Cooper 2004:5) Selye(1981, quoted in Grant et al 1995) said that work is an essential need for everyone. The question is not whether we should or should no work, but what kind of work suits us best. Consequently, external and internal sources of stress and their subsequent strain has a cause and effect relationship, and are experienced and suffered by employees and workers in their societies. "Occupational stress is a growing problem that results in substantial stress to individual employees and work organizations around the globe. The changing nature of work has placed unprecedented demands on employees and fuelled concerns about the effect this change is having on the well being and the health of their employees and their work organizations" (Anderson et al 2001:93). As social inequalities in health continue to be a key public health problem, scientific theories that explain these inequalities are needed (Siegrist and Marmot 2003). Thus, there are many approaches to occupational stress. They inv olve types of causal and affected variables, and also different labels are used (Cooper 1998). The two most significant models of occupational stress put forth are the (i) Demand-Control-Support Model by Robert A. Karasek, and further developed by T. Theorell as well as by Johnson and Hall and the (ii) Effort Reward Imbalance model introduced by Johannes Siegrist. Comparison and Contrast: The Demand-Control-Support (DCS) Model : Salient Features The demand-control-support model was developed by Karasek and his colleagues during the 1980s. According to this model, psychological demands (both qualitative and quantitative) have more averse consequences if they occur jointly with lack of possibility to influence decisions regarding the job, ie, low decision latitude. Low decision latitude has two components- (i) authority over decisions (the immediate possibility that the individual has to influence decisions regarding what to do and how to do it at work and (ii) intellectual discretion, which is the opportunity that the organization gives the individual to use and develop skills at work so that s/he can develop the possibility of control in the work situation (Moon and Sauter 1996). According to Karasek, who introduced this model, psychological distress is influenced by high demand/low control combinations. Conversely, an increase in control increases job satisfaction. According to

Discussion 1 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 1 - Term Paper Example Some reasons why a person may go against his /her conscience may be because of physical limitations, psychological limitations and social limitations. In addition, unless an individual feels free to do something, it makes no sense to follow it. It may not be always good to follow one’s conscience (Shaw, 2010, p. 20). According to the theories of conscience and moral principles, it should be my duty to help the acquaintance irrespective of the fact whether he recognises or does not recognise me. The moral principle within me does not allow me to leave the person behind and drive home quietly just to watch a match. But at the same time if I get down to help him I might get late and miss out on the important football match and most important when the acquaintance did not recognise me I should not feel guilty and not follow my conscience. The Harvard case study talks about students hacking some of the renowned universities website to find out whether they got selected or not. This act is considered to be morally permissible as it is against the law and moral principles of an individual to perform such act. They did not realise the consequences of the act and, as a result, all the 119 candidates were rejected from Harvard. The applicants should have waited for the results till the university had published. In spite of the fact that they are going to get caught copying and pasting information by candidate make the most common mistake. The candidates do not care about being caught and so they perform such an act. Also probably they do not start off the assignment on time and at the end moment they are left with no option other than copying and pasting. Applying the Kant’s ethics in the case of Ford Pinto, it can be said that there was no goodwill in the decision undertaken by Ford. It was rather motivated by just money and stiff competition. Ford did not ensure safety with regard to purchase of car by

Discussion Acculturation and Assimilation

Discussion Acculturation and Assimilation The purpose of my study was to explore to what extent Greek-Americans hold attitudes and behaviors for the conservation and intergenerational transmission of their ethnic culture through a cross-sectional analysis of survey on 229 self-identified Greek American members of the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of New Jersey. Overall, the respondents included in the current study had achieved upward mobility as indicated by their high education attainment and socio-economic status and they had shown a remarkable high level of preservation of their cultural heritage. They succeeded through their affiliation to the Greek language, the Greek Orthodox Church, the church afternoon schools, their participation to various Greek organizations, their family values, the continuing contact with Greece and their participation in political activities. The results not only provided a quantitative view of the behaviors and attitudes towards culture preservation in the six domains, but also helped us to bet ter understand the acculturation and assimilation process. Our results support that Greek-Americans included in the current study did not fall into the straight line assimilation model as described by Milton Gordon (Gordon 1978). The straight line assimilation theory assumes that the immigrants shed their identifications with their home society and that assimilation into American society is prompted by host society institutions. This model suggests there is essentially but one path through which immigrants can be integrated into the mainstream society. On the contrary our results demonstrated that regardless of the generation, over 90% of the participants identified themselves as either Greek or Greek American and ~90% of the participants felt a sense of pride and a strong bond with other Greeks and Greek Americans when they attend a Greek heritage event. They are actively involved in the Greek Orthodox Church; they participate in Greek/Hellenic Organizations and support Greek National Interests through donations. All these data suggest that Greek Americans did not shed their identity in order to move up in the American society; rather, they have kept a bicultural identity. Second, the assumption that assimilation into the American society is prompted by the host society institutions does not hold either. For example, the majority of the participants (67%) responded that Greeks living in the United States should try to influence American foreign policy towards Greece and 64% of the participants responded that they had supported (through donations, fund raisers, public expressions of opinion, etc.) the Greek National Interests. This finding coincides with a previous study (Karpathakis, 1999b) revealing that Greek Americans were concerned with Greeces territorial sovereignty issues and they attempted to influence host society foreign policy regarding Greece. Clearly the Greek cultural identity had affected their assimilation in the American society, which was ignored by Gordons paradigm. In view of the criticisms of the classical assimilation theory by Gordon, Barkan (1995) developed a six stage assimilation model and argued the there has been no one pattern, no one cycle, no one outcome that uniformly encompasses all ethnic experiences. Alba and Nee (2003) re-conceptualized assimilation as an intergenerational process affected not just by social, financial and human capital of immigrant families but also by the ways individuals use these resources with and apart from the existing structure of ethnic networks and institutions. They argued that assimilation does not preclude retaining elements of ethnic culture. In contrast, Portes and Zhou (1993) proposed the theory of segmented assimilation, which asserts that the United States is a stratified and unequal society, and different segments of society are available to which immigrants may assimilate. They further argued that total assimilation will put immigrant minorities in vulnerable positions while a strategy of pac ed, selective assimilation may prove the best course for these groups (Portes and Zhou 1993). Segmented assimilation theory is based on the notion that the living experience in America is very diverse. No single context can apply to all immigrant families and assimilation has varying consequences for immigrants. Critics of segmented assimilation pointed out that the causal link between assimilation into the underclass and development of oppositional cultures among immigrant children is questionable (Xie and Greenman, 2011). Although these theories have certain limitations, they provide a useful framework for the present study. Our study used a variety of measures of assimilation including spatial concentration, loss of Greek language, socioeconomic status, and intermarriage. According to Waters and Jimenez (2005), these measures are the four primary benchmarks of assimilation and existing literature showing that todays immigrants are largely assimilating into American society along each of these dimensions. Spatial concentration, i.e., dissimilarity in spatial distribution and suburbanization is a measure of cultural assimilation and primary and secondary structural assimilation. Spatial assimilation theory asserts that foreign-born residents will choose suburban residential locations after assimilating culturally and socioeconomically (Massey, 1985). Primary structural assimilation occurs when newcomers begin to engage in intimate, small group social interaction with individuals from the dominant group, such as in clubs, social functions, family gatherings, and so on. Secondary structural assimilation occurs when ethnic group members become integrated into the large, impersonal societal groups in the educational, economic and political institutions of the larger society (Marger, 2012). The present study showed that 77% of the participants reside in a suburban area indicating a high degree of structural assimilation among Greek Americans. It is interesting to observe that the First gene ration (85%) and the Third or beyond generation (80%) had a higher suburbanization rate than the Second generation (71%). Our study also showed that 31% live in a community where many other people of Greek descent live and 56% of the participants live in a community where there are a few people of Greek descent with additional 3% of them reported that there are no people other than their family of Greek descent in their community. The rest 11% of the participants were not sure about their community whether there are any people of Greek descent. Our findings also suggest that living in an area without other people of Greek descent was positively linked to poorer Greek language skills and more negative attitudes and behaviors towards cultural retention in several domains. Thus, community composition played an important role in retention and loss of ethnic culture. Living in a community where there are many people of Greek descent provide the participants more opportunity to network wi th others, speak Greek language, participating heritage events, which in turn contributed to a higher ethnic pride and feel of belonging and they are more likely to maintain their ethnic culture. Loss of Greek language is an indicator of acculturation which is in accord with our study. Here, we observed a clear trend of loss of Greek language in the Third or beyond generation as more than half of the participants indicated that their Greek language ability is poor to non-existent. Our findings coincide with Waters and Jimenezs (2005) three-generation model of language assimilation which stated that the first generation  makes some progress in language assimilation but remains dominant in their  native tongue, the second generation is  bilingual, and the third-generation speaks only English. Religion is also a measure of acculturation because religion is viewed as a culture construct that occurs and develops within specific cultural contexts (Zinnbauer Pargament, 2005). As such, religion is likely to influence acculturation by shaping cultural norms, values, behaviors, and attitudes (Yang Ebaugh, 2001). Similarly, Gà ¼ngà ¶r et al (2012) emphasized that religious reaffirmation is related to cultural values of interdependence, heritage culture maintenance, and ethnic identification. Socioeconomic status (SES), such as education, occupation status and income, is a measure of secondary structural assimilation. As immigrants begin to venture out into the mainstream educational and employment institutions, their level of interaction with non-ethnics increases and so do the possibilities of engaging with the latter in intimate social interaction within primary social groups (Scott, 2009). Our study suggested high education achievements, high income and more professional fields of occupation among all generations of participants, which showed that Greek Americans have achieved secondary structural assimilation as they enjoy relatively equal access to jobs, political authority and other important opportunities. In other words, they have full participation in all institutional areas of American society. The majority of the participants had at least college education (77%) and a household income above $50,000 (66%). It is interesting to see that the Second generation had a higher income than both the First and the Third or beyond generation. 41% reported that they work in a professional field including attorneys, medical doctors, accountants, engineers, IT project managers, nurses, family therapists, pharmaceutical sales representatives, etc. 11% of the respondents were in an academic field. Moreover, we observed that 15% of the First generation and 11% of the Second generation had a Ph.D./M.D. degree while not a single Third or beyond generation respondent was found to hold a Ph.D./M.D. degree. Clearly, Greek America should encourage younger generations to achieve higher academic achievements and dedicate themselves to a more diverse professional field including research and teaching. Intermarriage is an indicator of amalgamation (Waters and Jimà ©nez, 2005). Much of the research has relied on intermarriage as an indicator of assimilation (e.g. Alba, 1981; Alba and Camlin, 1983; Castonguay, 1982; Cohen, 1977). Both interethnic and interfaith marriages were found to be a factor contributing to the process of assimilation. In our study, we not only estimated the intermarriage rate across generations, but we also studied the impact of intermarriage on attitudes and behaviors of preserving Hellenic core values as well as the attitudes towards interethnic and interfaith marriage. The findings are discussed later in further context. Our study also tested acculturation theories. Berry proposed four modes of acculturation: assimilation, integration, separation and marginalization. Assimilation refers to the acceptation of the majoritys culture on the expanse of ones own original minority culture. Separation refers to the opposite stance: loyalty toward ones original minority culture and the rejection of the majoritys culture. Integration refers to the adoption of both cultures with an attempt to integrate between them, while marginalization refers to distancing from ones original heritage culture, but this time without assimilating to the majoritys culture. This, results with the individual remaining with no clear cultural identification (Berry, 1997, 2001). The contribution of the acculturation theory is that it empirically demonstrated the ability to predict desirable or undesirable adjustment outcomes among distinct immigrant groups and members of minority ethnic groups. More specifically, numerous studies found integration to be the most successful adaptation strategy by balancing the host countrys culture with the traditional values of ones own culture origin while marginalization struggled the most to adapt to the dominant society (Berry, 1974, 1980, 1984, 1997, 2003; Berry et al., 2006, Berry, 2010). A number of factors were found to influence the acculturation process, including, length of time living in the host country (Zheng and Berry, 1991), socio-economic status (Aroian et al, 1998) and social support from the host society (Garcia et al, 2002). Given the strong Greek culture preservation shown in the current sample, we believe that the participants did not follow assimilation or marginalization strategies in which they would become more alienated toward their own culture. For example, assimilated individuals do not want to keep their identity from their home culture, but would rather take on all of the characteristics of the new culture. On the contrary marginalized individuals dont want anything to do with either the new culture or the old culture. The results cannot be explained by separation either where the individuals become alienated toward the host culture and totally separate them from the main society. Our results indicated that 76% of the participants identified themselves as Greek American with a socioeconomic status which is above the average in the sampled geographic area (NJ, PA, and VA) based on the 2010 U.S. Census. About half of the participants did not prefer to speak Greek when they were among people who understand Greek (Q15). Third, the majority of the participants did not agree that people of Greek descent should marry people of Greek descent (Q30), and neither did they agree that they would be unhappy if their children married someone who was not a member of the Greek Orthodox Church (Q31), which indicated that they are open to marry non-Greek partners. Our results showed that the participants of this survey had adjusted to the American culture instead of isolating themselves from the host culture. Therefore, the major mode Greek Americans took is integration, by which, the participants embrace both their culture of origin and the society of settlement thus getting the best of both worlds. The results indicate that the participants have strong positive attitudes and behaviors towards preserving the Greek heritage. For example, they thought it is important for their children and people of Greek ancestry to speak Greek, they routinely attended worship services at the Greek Ortho dox Church, they participated in Greek organizations like AHEPA and they attended Greek heritage events with a sense of pride and bond with other Greeks. All these characteristics demonstrated that the Greek-Americans had amply preserved their culture of origin and they gradually integrated themselves into the main society. In addition, the participants showed a more democratic attitude which has been influenced by their integration into the American culture. For example, the majority of the Second and Third or beyond generations disagreed that the father should have the final say in most important decisions. Overall, we identified a shift from Greek culture values to shared Greek-American values through generations. Such shift may reflect the need to utilize the best of both cultures. As Karpathakis (1999b) argued that with economic and cultural globalization, persons with bi-national identity are increasingly seen by the mainstream as assets. Therefore, it is more advantageous for Greek Americans to utilize the best of both worlds by following an integration approach to adaptation. Bicultural identification was also linked to immigrants engagement in their host societies. When immigrants perform bicultural identities they are more likely to be involved in the political life of their country of origin (Simon and Ruhs, 2008) and also have more opportunities to engage in political institutions within the host society (Huo and Molina, 2006). A new version of the straight line model has come into circulation as a construct for explaining the participation of White ethnic group members in cultural heritage activities. First proposed by Gans in 1979, the concept of symbolic ethnicity denotes a new stage in the assimilation of middle-class, suburban Whites into an inclusive, Pan-European or Pan-White identity in which ethnicity is no longer the basis for collective action or the transmission of distinctive ethnic cultures across generations. As Gans (2009) recently stated: Symbolic ethnicity proposes the rejection of or a departure from active ethnicity: from participation in ethnic groups and in ethnic culture. It hypothesizes a passive ethnicity, involving the temporary and periodic expression of feelings about or toward the ethnic group or culture through material and non-material symbols. Symbolic ethnicity can even be a leisure time activity that does not interfere with the economic, social and other imperatives of everyday life (p.123). Rather than functioning as a structural factor that shapes access to social networks or as a social identity entwined with self-conceptions, in this model, ethnicity is recast into the equivalent of an avocation or hobby that middle-class White Americans periodically use as a means of feeling good about them. According to Gans, White ethnic identity may have a transient influence on individual self-esteem, but it no longer serves as a source of values, group cohesion, or as a determinant of behavior. In addition, as Waters (1990, 2000, 2009) has argued in her work on ethnic options, among White Americans of mixed ancestry, individuals can and do choose situational-contingent ethnic identities. The implications of symbolic ethnicity for Greek Americans in general and particularly for those who reside in middle-class suburban communities are substantial. At least, some members of this ethnic group may embrace a superficial Greek identity without the risk of incurring liabilities that w ere once attached to being viewed as a non-White race subordinate to the Anglo-Saxon core culture. In contemporary American society, then, the costs of being identifiably Greek are negligible but the affiliating bonds that join Greek Americans into a distinct group may weaken within and across generations. We observed that 15 participants from our respondents, who are either Second or Third or beyond generations, had identified themselves as American. They have probably assimilated more deeply into the American culture; yet, the majority of them responded that they actively participated in the Greek heritage events. These participants tried to take the positive images of their ethnicity while not having to deal with the real social cost of being ethnic, which is a good indication of symbolic ethnicity. Our study also revealed that Greek Americans involved various symbols of ethnicity in their daily life such as eating ethnic food, listen to Greek music, dance Greek dances, read ethnic newspapers, etc. I am in agreement with the findings of Alexiou (1993), which suggested that ethnic identification of Greek Americans does not weaken as generation becomes more removed from their immigrant ancestors, but rather becomes symbolic without structural commitments to ethnic ties. Patterns of transmission in core values of Hellenic culture Our study examined the attitudes and behaviors of the Greek American retention of six core values of Hellenic culture. These attitudes are often referred as acculturation orientations and viewed as mediators or moderators between acculturation conditions and acculturation outcomes, while acculturation behaviors can be assumed to be associated to short- term acculturation outcomes (Arends-Tà ³th van de Vijver, 2006). As defined by Omi and Winant (1994), ethnicity comprises a culture that includes religion, language, nationality and political identifications. Alba and Nee (2003) viewed ethnicity as a social boundary or distinction that individuals make in their everyday lives that shapes their action and mental orientation toward others. This distinction is embedded in a variety of cultural and social norms, values, and beliefs (p. 11). Similarly, Isajiw (1992) suggested that ethnic identity can be divided into two basic aspects: external and internal. Where external aspects refer to observable behavior patterns, such as language, family, friendship, participation in ethnic/institutional and associational organization and participation in functions sponsored by ethnic organizations, internal aspects refer to images, ideas, attitudes and feelings about their own ethnicity. Through my own experiences as an active member of Greek America and my extensive research from previous studies, I observed that Greek culture values mainly lie in six domains: (a) Greek language, (b) the Greek Orthodox Church, (c) Family cultural orientation and values, (d) Greek cultural activities and organization membership, (e) Continuing contact with Greece and/or Cyprus, and (f) Political activity. Greek language is an important factor reinforcing ethnic identity. The Greek Orthodox Church is a vibrant and indispensable component of Greek ethnicity by providing an extensive range of religious, educational and social activities and the major sponsor of Greek Heritage festivals. Language and religion have been most frequently studied as acculturation measures (Harris Verven, 1996). Family cultural orientation and values are also of great importance as children acquire their sense of belonging through their family. The Greek cultural activities and organization offer opportuniti es to share the experiences and continuing contact with Greece. Finally, ethnic political involvement was viewed as an indicator of assimilation, mobility and acculturation. As Parenti (1967) claimed, the political acculturation of the ethnic proceeds hand in hand with general cultural adaptation to American life and that it is largely completed by the advent of the second generation. These core values can also be used to understand the basis of ethnicity and culture. In this study, I investigated the cultural retention and loss in each domain. In general, ethnic behaviors are strongest or most apparent among the generations closest to the immigrant experience and become weaker or less apparent among those further away (Alba 1990). Later generation Americans are likely to adopt American cultural ways and modify parental ways so that the original values and behaviors characteristic of the immigrant group become altered or nonexistent. Therefore each successive generation that replaces the previous generation will be less ethnic-identified and the group as a whole will also become less ethnic-identified than their predecessors (Alba 1995). All six domains of the Greek ethnic culture examined in this study, to some extent, followed this general trend. However some of the cultural values experienced considerable reduction from one generation to the next, while other values experienced only minor reductions or modifications. Study suggests that it may not be until the third or fourth generations that families fully acculturate to the host culture (Kelley and Tseng, 1992). Moreover, further generations tend to acculturate more readily than their parents due to the fact that the home culture values are less established among them and they have greater exposure to the host culture through education and contact with non immigrant peers (Phinneey, 1990). This suggests that there might be disparity in cultural transmission across generations. In our case, we are making an attempt to be more concise by identifying four major patterns of transmission in core values of Hellenic culture (Figure 15). First, the preservation of Greek language is progressively weakened from one generation to the next. Significant differences were observed across all three generations on self assessed Greek language skills, whether they speak Greek when at home, preference to speak Greek when among people who understand Greek and opinion on whether people of Greek ancestry should be able to speak Greek. Our findings coincide with previous studies (e.g. Costantakos 1982, Demos 1988). Costantakos (1982) analyzed a survey of 211 Greek-Americans living in an unspecified metropolitan area. The study indicated the same pattern of behavioral changes, while attitudes towards retention of the Greek language were positive. In our study, the attitudes towards Greek language preservation were measured by two questions: whether it is important that my children are able to speak Greek and whether it is important for people of Greek ancestry to speak Greek. The attitudes were found to be positive among the First a nd Second generation, but not among the Third or beyond generation. To be more specific, 92% of the First generation and 83% of the Second generation supported that it is important for their children to be able to understand and speak Greek, while only 48% of the Third or beyond generation thought so. 87% of the First generation and 70% of the Second generation supported that People of Greek ancestry who live in the United States should be able to understand and speak Greek, while only 48% of the Third or beyond generation agreed.. Demos (1988) analyzed questionnaires collected from 583 Greek Americans from two Greek Orthodox churches, one in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the other in Baltimore, Maryland. The study showed that the focus of Greek ethnicity was shifting away from mother tongue maintenance through forces of assimilation and ethnic intermarriage. The study also revealed that the Greek language persisted as a characteristic of the Greek Orthodox Americans and that visits t o Greece represent a major way of maintaining the Greek language. In the current study, the self assessed Greek language skills were found to be moderately correlated to the question Whether the participant has traveled to Greece, which coincides with the findings in Demos (1988) that visits to Greece represent a major way of maintaining the Greek language. The current study seems to well fit the model of Anglicization which was initially formulated by the sociolinguists Joshua Fishman (1972, 1980) and Calvin Veltman (1983). The model described that the process occurs in the following ways: some individuals of the immigrant generation learn English, but they generally prefer to speak their native language, especially at home. Thus, their children usually grow up as bilinguals, but many of them prefer English, even in conversing with their immigrant parents (Lopez 1996). The second generation generally speaks English at home when its members establish their own households and rear children. Consequently, by the third generation, the prevalent pattern is English monolingualism and knowledge of the mother tongue for most ethnics is fragmentary at best. Similarly, Portes and Schauffler (1994) argued that regardless of where immigrants live, English will replace the native language within two or three generations unless bilingualism is promo ted. In order for second or beyond generation youth to maintain their parents native language they must be motivated to use it and provided with opportunities to use this language in places beyond the household, such as school and the broader community. The second pattern of intergenerational change observed, was connected to the path of the Greek Orthodox Church and the Greek Cultural Activities with minimal reduction. The Greek Orthodox Church assumed a leading role in the preservation of Greek culture in the United States since it hosts both religious and ethnic social events. Researchers who have studied the Greek Orthodox Church and the cultural activities that it sponsors (Alex, 2007; Charalambous, 2004; Demos, 1989, Tsimpouki, 2002) affirmed that it has served as a bulwark of ethnic cultural identity. In the current study, a significant higher proportion of subjects responded to all attitude and most of the behavior questions positively among all three generations and no significant difference was observed among the three generations for most of the questions. Our findings also supported that regardless of the generation status, the participants in our study had very strong positive attitudes towards the Greek Orthodox Church . The vast majority of the participants agreed that it is important for their children and people of Greek ancestry to participant and belong to the Greek Orthodox Church and at least some part of Sunday worship should be conducted in Greek. Yet, their actual behaviors in terms of their participation of the Greek Orthodox Church showed minor decline across generations. Significant difference was only found between the First and Third generation in terms of whether their children attend or attended an afternoon Greek school and whether part of the Sunday worship should be conducted in Greek. The results demonstrated that Greek Americans continued to rely on the Orthodox Church to reinforce their ethnic identities. Furthermore, our study examined the perception of respondents on their understanding of the Orthodox Faith. Our religious core beliefs help us face the problems of life and prepare us for salvation as well as keep our Hellenic identity. We must have a sufficient knowledge and understanding of orthodoxy and share this faith with others. Our results showed that the vast majority (94%) of the respondents regardless of generation believed that they had good or very good understanding of the Orthodox Faith, the Divine Liturgy and the Holy Sacraments. The Divine Liturgy is the most significant ancient Christian service and the center of the in spiration of the first Christians in their communion with God and with one another (Mastrantonis, 2004). The Divine Liturgy is the central worship service of the Orthodox Church which is celebrated every Sunday morning and on all Holy Days. The Liturgy is also the means by which we achieve union with Jesus Christ and unity with each other through the Sacrament of the Holy Communion. The Holy Sacraments are composed of prayers, hymns, scripture lessons, gestures and processions. Most of the Sacraments use a portion of the material of creation as an outward and visible sign of Gods revelation (Fitzgerald, 2004). In our study, only six respondents admitted that they had poor or non-existent understanding of the Orthodox Faith and the majority of these six respondents also had poor ability to understand and speak Greek. This is an important issue as  both Greek America and its Orthodox population underwent significant generational transformations during1940 to1990. As a result, religious faith and ethnic identity, once seen as inseparable, were increasingly less understood as such by the socially mobile, geographically dispersed, English-speaking second, third or beyond generations of Orthodox faithful in America, not to mention an ever-increasing number of converts (Stokoe and Kishkovsky,  1995). The Greek Archdiocese, for whom the very definition of Greek identity comes from the Greek language, has undergone continuous debate on the issue since 1962 (Stokoe and Kishkovsky,  1995). In 1964, the Clergy-Laity Congress allowed certain readings and prayers in the liturgy to be repeated in English. In the important 20th Clergy-Laity Congress of 1970, following the personal appeal of Archbishop Iakovos, an English liturgy was permitted. Today, most Orthodox churches do some and in many cases most of their services in English. This policy provides an opportunity for the second and third or beyond generations to comprehend more proficiently the Orthodox Faith. Another important issue we should point out is that orthodoxy itself is not static; it is constantly under pressure to be assimilated or integrated especially in an Anglo Saxon Protestant society. According to our findings, the Greek Orthodox Church has undergone substantial integration. As a religion and a cultural heritage , the Orthodox Church can also bring the best of both worlds and to blend and orchestrate into a whole, yet not lose essence or identity (Nicozisin, 1993). Although our results show that the majority of our respondents have a good or very good understanding of the Greek Orthodox Faith there might be a dichotomy of opinion as to the accuracy of these findings being that the personal feelings of the respondents could be quite subjective. My personal experience indicates that the majority of the churchg

Finder and Maker Reversed in The Moviegoer Essay -- Moviegoer Essays P

Finder and Maker Reversed in The Moviegoer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Walker Percy's novel The Moviegoer chronicles a week in the life of stockbroker Binx Bolling, and his eventual marriage with his step-cousin Kate Cutrer. More than that, it sketches Binx's peculiar philosophy, and Kate's equally strange orientation, and their eventual transposition. Binx begins as an enjoyer of reality, a searcher, or finder of relief from tedium, and Kate as a frantic searcher who becomes a maker of crises to relieve her post-modern ennui. But by the end of the novel, their beginning positions are almost reversed, muddled together to form a more healthy relationship. Both Binx and Kate are self-aware characters in a world of actors, the only ones to realize the inherent falseness, the cliches, in all things. The very characters sound like movie stars' pseudonyms: Binx Bolling, Lyle Lovell, Walter Wade, with their assonance sound all too much like Robert Redford, James Earl Jones, the too-memorable monikers of film stars. Aunt Emily's manservant Mercer is "threading his way between servility and presumption" (p. 17), now one way then the other, with a dignified appearance but "behind the mustache, his face... is not at all devoted but is as sulky as a Pullman porter's." (ibid.) Even Mercer's exaggerated breathing while serving dishes (pp. 156-157) is the act of a stereotypical servant made ridiculous. Binx's biological mother displays "a fondness carefully guarded against the personal, the heartfelt, a fondness deliberately rendered trite." (p. 139) The radio program "I Believe" (p. 95) is a collection of hoary platitudes, and Binx's "pleasant tin gling sensation in the groin" afterwards (p. 96) reveals it as nothing but moral masturbation. Binx's Theosop... ...tion to detail is still there -- "Why is he so yellow?" "He's got hepatitis." (p. 209) But Kate seems healthier, whether through treatment with Merle or association with Binx. And her self-destructive practice of crisis creation seems quelled -- instead, Binx has become her director, her "cinematographer." The care with which they plot out her errand -- what streetcar to ride, where to sit, where to wear her cape jasmine -- is like the close composition of a camera shot, all so that Binx, through his imagination, can keep Kate 'in focus' and sane. He is no longer the passive observer, but the active arranger; she no longer the out-of-control crisis-creator, but an obedient actress looking for direction. Binx has moved on to the true movie-lover's dream: he has become a director. Works Cited Percy, Walker. The Moviegoer. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1961.

The Negative Impact of Bilangual Education

It is true that, fitting in and adapting to two different linguistic and cultural world can have lasting impacts on individuals, hence, Richard Rodriguez, in his book â€Å"Achievement of Desire†, addresses his struggles as a young boy, trying to adapt to a bilingual education and how that education alienated him from his uneducated Mexican parents. Additionally in the excerpts â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,† Gloria Anzaldua, while she mainly focuses on the language of â€Å"Mexican† people in different aspects, also mentions her strife as a bilingual student. Although these two stories are different in many ways but they both reflect the negative impact of living in the â€Å"borderlands†. To better understand those cultural conflicts, it is essential to know exactly what the borderlands consist of and who spans there, but most importantly what they represent in this context. The concept of â€Å" the borderlands† informs â€Å"a variety of disciplines at the start of the twenty-first century, with many studies focusing on the boundaries where two or more disparate conceptual, social, or political entities overlap productively†(Ybarra, 1-3). However, Anzaldua’s idea of the borderlands as an active place where people can form their own identity and political resistance remains the most influential according to multiple respected scholars. Understanding the bioregional and ecological aspect of the US-Mexico borderlands, amplifies our knowledge of how colonization, exploitation, and racism impact the land and mostly the Chicanos. Furthermore, one can attribute the concept of borderlands with bilingual education with both English and Spanish being the two territories in question, as experienced by both Anzaldua and Rodriguez. In Anzaldua’s essay â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† she describes her early childhood struggles in school. One of her memories from elementary school was when she was speaking Spanish with her friends during recess, they would tell her â€Å"If you want to be American, speak ‘American’. If you don’t like it, go back to Mexico where you belong. †(Anzaldua 43). In this situation she is forced to be silent and not speak. Growing up, she was constantly told from many of her elders that she needed to speak better English, and sound more American. Anzaldua’s own mother was ashamed of the way that she spoke English, saying it sounded like a Mexican. She reflects on two speech classes that she was required to take with all other Chicano students that had only one purpose, to get rid of their accents. â€Å"In childhood we are told that our language is wrong. Repeated attacks on our native tongue diminish our sense of self. Until I can take pride in my language, I cannot take pride in myself. † (Anzaldua 45-46). Part of language includes culture identity. It is unfair for people to feel ashamed of their identity due to the way they speak. Your language is what keeps you connected to your homeland and you should not feel guilty for speaking it. One should not have to go through speech classes to correct a native accent; the accent is a part of your identity, it is part of who you are. You should not be ashamed to speak and express yourself, because you should never be judged on how you speak, but by the content of what you’re saying. From adolescence the dominants are imposing their degrading views on the subordinates. Many of the teachers that approached these students, telling them â€Å"if they want to speak Spanish go back to Mexico†, are making assumptions based on prejudice about the individuals. The constant degrading ultimately lowers their self-esteem, making it difficult for them to feel that they can overcome being a part of the subordinate group. Anzaldua however rebels against these comments. She seems hostile to the English language and to a culture that does not honor the Spanish language in general or various Spanish dialects in particular. Her general response is one of defiance, for example when she says that to attack an individual's form of expression (in her case, speaking her Chicano Spanish dialect at school) with the intent to censor â€Å"is a violation of the First Amendment† (40). She makes it very clear that she is determined to be linguistically free despite English oppression â€Å"free to write bilingually and to switch linguistic codes without always having to translate† (41). She is determined always to have a â€Å"wild tongue. â€Å"She proves that it is okay to know more than one language and that by speaking Spanish it does not make her less of a person. It possible that she wrote her story partly in Spanish so that she could make a point that she was proud of her native language. Rodriguez suffers the same oppressions but reacted differently to them. If Rodriguez is hostile to the same culture, he does not seem to be hostile to either Spanish or English as such. Instead, he realizes that in American culture, where one language only and educational accomplishment are connected to social and material benefit, those who capture the power of language and education are more likely to obtain those benefits. But this comes at a price because obtaining those benefits usually force emotional and cultural separation from family members who lack language or educational accomplishments. Rodriguez himself admitted that â€Å"[he] cannot afford to admire his parents†¦He permits himself embarrassment at their lack of education. And to evade nostalgia for the life he has lost, he concentrates on the benefits education will bestow upon him† (Rodriguez, 15). Even Henry Staten, in his essay, remarks â€Å"how his education, which culminated in a Ph. D in English from Berkeley in 1976, gradually alienated him from his uneducated, Mexican-born parents† (Staten 8-10). In all, from both excerpts, we encounter the negative impact of bilingual education. â€Å"Rodriguez, for whom â€Å"monolingualism† in English becomes a strategy for success in U. S society, brings his personal experience to the political realm by promoting English as the sole language of public education in the U. S†¦Anzaldua, on the other hand, reflects her linguistic background with a fine toothed comb, un tangling the many strands of English and Spanish that coexist in their multilayered identity. (Ramsdell 12-16) The diversity within America is constantly growing, which in turn means American culture is frequently changing. With all of these new and foreign cultures migrating to the U. S, come many new languages. Generally, many believe that language is power, but yet, people are constantly being silenced because of their â€Å"broken English† and accent. While their politics differ widely, both Rodriguez and Anzaldua lives have been forever altered due to t heir linguistic affiliations, and most significantly by straddling on the â€Å"borderlands. †

Skeletal Findings And Their Impact On Anthropology Essay

Important Skeletal Findings and their Impact on Anthropology Biological, (also known as physical) anthropology works to identity species, mainly through the analysis of bones, and teeth, and strives to further learn about their way of life. In anthropology today many scientific discoveries have been made through skeletal findings in the field. Although, from the many discoveries that have been made there are a few that stand out as having ground breaking effects for the world of biological anthropology. Such findings include, the Taung child who displayed signs of early human bipedalism, Lucy, which gave rise to the species of Australopithecus afarensis, and Turkana boy, which is the most complete Homo erectus skeleton. Anthropology has worked to answer questions about human evolution and our early ancestors. The Taung child, Lucy, and the Turkana boy have all provided anthropologists with scientific proofs and evidence that will help to further understand our ancestry. Discovered in 1924 the Taung child gave rise the genus Australopithecus . A mining company (Northern Lime) was directed to send any intriguing fossils found to Raymond Dart .This was an interesting request, but it came to be by a student of Darts informing him of a family friend who had a rare baboon skull that was found at this mining site in Taung . The skull (later named the Taung Child) arrived to Raymond Dart from the mining company in 1924 and after careful examination he named the new speciesShow MoreRelated Using bones, teeth and joints for reconstructing activity in past human populations2409 Words   |  10 Pageslifetime the activities they involve themselves in impact on their many bodily tissues. Markers for these activities are left in the bones, joints and dentition which is useful for anthropologists as only skeletal material is left in the case of most ancient populations. 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